Understanding Nonverbal Microaggressions
Rebecca Leon, MHC-LP
In our society, communication extends far beyond the words we speak. Nonverbal cues can play a significant role in shaping our interactions and relationships. Nonverbal communication can be just as impactful as verbal communication, and often subtle and seemingly harmless, nonverbal microaggressions can profoundly affect an individual's mental health and well-being.
Microaggressions are every day, verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or harmful messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership. In many cases, these hidden messages may invalidate the group identity or the reality of the targeted individuals, demean them on a personal or group level, communicate they are lesser human beings, suggest they do not belong with the majority group, threaten and intimidate, or relegate them to inferior status and treatment (Sue, 2010). The difference between microaggressions and overt discrimination or macroaggressions is that people who commit microaggressions might not even be aware of them (Nadal, 2020). Microaggressions can impact an individual's mental health because they are so subtle, causing the target to question themselves and their experience. While microaggressions are generally discussed from the perspective of race and racism, any marginalized group in society may become a target (Sue, 2012).
Microaggressions may include subtle verbal insults or seemingly innocuous nonverbal cues. Here are some examples of nonverbal microaggressions:
Facial Expressions:
Facial expressions are a powerful means of communication, capable of conveying emotions and attitudes. However, they can also be used as a tool for nonverbal microaggressions. For instance, a dismissive eye roll or a raised eyebrow when someone is expressing their opinion can subtly undermine their contribution, making them feel invalidated or ignored (Epler, 2021).
Body Language:
Body language speaks volumes, sometimes even louder than words. Nonverbal microaggressions can manifest through various forms of body language, such as crossed arms, turning away, or avoiding eye contact. These actions can signal discomfort, disapproval, or a lack of interest, leaving the recipient feeling unwelcome or disregarded (Epler, 2021).
Personal Space Invasion:
Respecting personal boundaries is essential for maintaining healthy interactions. Invading someone's personal space can be a nonverbal microaggression, often signaling a disregard for their comfort. It could be leaning in too closely, invading their personal bubble, or persistently standing too close to them despite visible signs of discomfort. Such actions can cause anxiety and can be particularly triggering for individuals with a history of trauma.
Tone of Voice:
While nonverbal, tone of voice holds significant weight in communication. Inflicting a sarcastic, condescending, or mocking tone can be a nonverbal microaggression. This subtle undermining tactic can make individuals doubt their capabilities, erode self-confidence, and contribute to feelings of inadequacy.
Ignoring or Interrupting:
Being ignored or consistently interrupted sends a powerful nonverbal message of marginalization and insignificance. This form of microaggression suggests that one's voice or contributions are not valued, leading to feelings of frustration, exclusion, and a diminished sense of self-worth.
Non-Inclusive Gestures:
Certain nonverbal gestures can unintentionally exclude or isolate others. For example, forming exclusive cliques through closed-off body language or engaging in inside jokes that others do not understand can make individuals feel left out and socially ostracized. It is important to be mindful of the inclusivity of our nonverbal behavior and strive to create an environment that embraces diversity.
Microaggressions in Physical Contact:
Physical touch is a potent form of nonverbal communication, and inappropriate or unwelcome contact can constitute a microaggression. Touching someone's hair without consent, invading their personal space, or engaging in unwanted physical contact disregards people's boundaries and can lead to discomfort, anxiety, and a sense of violation.
Nonverbal microaggressions often go unnoticed or dismissed as insignificant. However, their impact on an individual's mental health and well-being should not be underestimated. By recognizing and addressing these subtle forms of communication, we can foster an environment that promotes inclusivity, empathy, and respect. As we strive for greater awareness, it is essential to engage in open conversations about nonverbal microaggressions. Educating ourselves and others about their existence, impact, and alternatives empowers individuals to challenge and change harmful behaviors. It is also important to practice empathic listening, opening ourselves up to other perspectives that may differ from our own (Epler, 2021). Together, we can work toward creating a more thoughtful, inclusive society that actively listens to the concerns of others.
Source
Epler, M.B. (2021). Watch out for this form of nonverbal bullying that drives employees to quit. Fast Company.
Limbong, A. (2020). Microagressions are a big deal: How to talk them out and when to walk away. NPR.
Sue, D.W. (2010). Microaggressions: More Than Just Race. Psychology Today.